연구논문
동아시아의 인권 협력의 가능성과 한계: 코로나19 감염병과 미얀마 사태를 중심으로 (2022.10)
- 저자 : 김헌준
- 학술지명 : Oughtopia (오토피아)
- 발행처 : 경희대학교 인류사회재건연구원
- 권호 : 37(2)
- 게재년월 : 2022년 10월
초록: 많은 학자가 인권 협력을 연구했으나 국제적으로 도출된 결론은 두 가지 이유로 동아시아에쉽게 적용되지 않는다. 첫째, 유럽이나 남미와비교하면 동아시아에는 인권 협력을 위한 기초적 제도나 기구도 없다. 둘째, 한일, 한중, 북일, 양안 관계에서 보듯이 동아시아 인권 문제는 주로 첨예한 국제 갈등을 유발하며, 협력보다 인권을 매개한 권력 정치와 갈등이 더 빈번하다. 이논문의 목적은 2022년 현재 동아시아의 주요 인권 문제를 개괄하고, 최근 발생한 두 사례를 통해 인권 협력의 가능성과 한계를 살펴보는 것이다. 이를 위해 첫째, 동아시아의 인권 문제를 개괄하고 이를 국내와 국제, 역사적 문제와 최근문제로 분류해, 각각의 특성을 살펴본다. 둘째, 코로나19 감염병과 인권, 미얀마 사태와 인권 문제를 통해 동아시아 국가 간 인권 문제에 대한협력의 가능성과 한계를 분석한다. 동아시아 인권 협력은 여전히 쉽지 않다. 하지만 두 사례는협력의 가능성도 여전히 있음을 보여준다. 두 사례 모두 한 국가의 인권 문제는 그 국가만의 문제로만 인식되지는 않는다는 점을 입증했다. 또한 정부의 역할에는 한계가 있고 국내외 여론과시민사회가 중요함도 보여줬다.
Electing More Women to National Legislatures: An Interplay between Global Normative Pressure and Domestic Political Regimes (2022.10)
- 저자 : Mi Hwa Hong and Nam Kyu Kim
- 학술지명 : International Studies Quarterly
- 발행처 : Oxford University Press
- 권호 : 66(4)
- 게재년월 : 2022년 10월
초록: Existing studies show that democracies are no better than autocracies in terms of women’s legislative representation. This finding seems counterintuitive because democracies are more politically inclusive and foster greater respect for civil and political rights, compared to autocracies. We revisit the relationship between democracy and women’s legislative representation by considering the interaction between democracy and global norms of gender equality in politics. We argue that democracies are better able than autocracies to translate a global norm of gender-balanced political representation into actual domestic practices. Further, we contend that the effect of democracies also depends on the external normative pressure. Using a time-series cross-sectional dataset covering 147 countries from 1951 to 2013, our analysis shows that the more democratic a country is, the more responsive it is to global norms promoting gender equality in politics. It also demonstrates that the effect of democracy on women’s representation strengthens, as global normative pressure for women’s inclusion in politics grows.
Multilateralism in Great Power Politics: Building Order or Inviting Conflict? (2022.09)
- 저자 : 이신화, 박재적
- 학술지명 : The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis
- 발행처 : 한국국방연구원
- 권호 : 34(3)
- 게재년월 : 2022년 09월
초록 : Though the United States and China emphasize the significance of multilateral frameworks, they have not departed from power politics. As the confrontation between U.S.-led and Chinese-style multilateralism intensifies, the practice of multilateral cooperation based on openness and responsibility is losing ground. In this context, this paper compares U.S.-led multilateralism and Chinese-style multilateralism to examine U.S.–China rivalry in multilateral mechanisms. It then zooms in on the rivalry in the context of the Indo–Pacific region. U.S. President Biden’s key strategy in his China policy is represented by the catchphrase “cooperate, compete, confront,” dubbed the “3C framework,” reflecting the complexities of U.S.–China relations. While the two states tend to show a mix of competition and cooperation relative to global multilateral mechanisms, they exhibit a mix of competition and conflict in the Indo–Pacific. The paper analyzes recent United States and Chinese approaches towards topical multilateral issues: on climate change issues for the former and on cybersecurity and advanced technology for the latter.
Economic MAD as Middle Powers’ Strategic Tool in the Great Power Rivalry (2022.08)
- 저자 : Ewan A. Smith and Shin-wha Lee
- 학술지명 : The Korean Journal of International Studies
- 발행처 : 한국국제정치학회
- 권호 : 20(2)
- 게재년월 : 2022년 08월
초록 : The Cold War theory of mutually assured destruction (MAD), which described the reciprocal damage resulting from the use of nuclear weapons, can be expanded in the 21st century to include more dimensions including climate and the economy. The economic dimension of MAD (dubbed as EMAD) is a situation where one country is incapable of disrupting trade with a target country without also causing itself significant economic d[amage. This can occur given the presence of a specific economic advantage on which the coercing power relies. How can the presence of EMAD help afford middle powers more leeway in their alignment decisions within this strategic dilemma? What economic advantages create a stronger situation of EMAD? In line with these inquiries, this article investigates three cases, each with differing degrees of economic MAD: the 2016 Korea-China dispute over THAAD deployment; the 2020 Australia-China dispute over Covid-19; and the 2022 case of Korea’s participation in IPEF. After all, middle powers need to develop a ‘collective security-type arrangement’ where China’s wielding of economic muscle against any middle power state is considered an aggression against all other middle powers, which act together or collectively assist the target state to make the most of EMAD vis-à-vis China. For this, it is reasonable and realistic to promote the democratic liberal international order (LIO) by aligning with U.S.-led minilateral and multilateral initiatives or mechanisms. Yet, it is also important to identify areas and ways to engage with China rather than alienating or excluding it on the international stage.