home 연구성과 연구논문

연구논문

Performing Civilisational Narratives in East Asia: Asian Values, Multiple Modernities, and the Politics of Economic Development (2020.06)

  • 저자 : Yong Wook Lee
  • 학술지명 : Review of International Studies
  • 발행처 : Cambridge University Press
  • 권호 : 46(4)
  • 게재년월 : 2020년 06월
  • 초록 : This article aims to uncover the socially constructed normative foundation for the alternative East Asian economic development paradigm to neoliberalism in the context of civilisational politics. The question I seek to address is why East Asian states make value claims when promoting their alternative method of economic development. In addressing this question, I make two interrelated arguments. First, I argue that the politics of Asian values can be understood as another case of non-Western society’s struggle to demonstrate multiple paths to modernity. Second, on a deeper level, I show that the discourse and narratives on Asian values is part of civilisation politics aimed to recalibrate the place of East Asia in a world consisting of the civilised and the uncivilised, a divide that still remains today in various forms following European expansion in the nineteenth century. In so doing, I shed light on the performative power of ‘the standard of civilisation’, which naturalises the temporal and sequential hierarchy of civilisational identities in world politics. On the basis of this article’s findings, I draw out implications of a recalibrated East Asia for the ideas of hierarchy and progress in world politics.

원문링크

Unintended Outcome? The Effect of Protest on Voter Turnout (2020.06)

  • 저자 : Nayun Kim & Jai Kwan Jung
  • 학술지명 : 한국정치학회보
  • 발행처 : 한국정치학회
  • 권호 : 54(3)
  • 게재년월 : 2020년 06월
  • 초록 : Do protests encourage electoral participation of voters? There are scholarly discussions on the relationship between protesting and voting, as they are typical examples of non-institutional and institutional forms of political participation in democracy, respectively. Theoretical exploration and empirical research on this subject matter have yet to be developed because the studies of social movements and electoral politics are two different sub-fields separately developed in comparative politics while rarely communicating with each other. Conforming to a recent call for bridging these two sub-fields, this article attempts to specify the mechanism by which protests affect voter turnout. We particularly emphasize political interest and efficacy of ordinary citizens, since they can be influenced by large scale protest events and, in turn, influence the turnout of voters. This theoretical speculation is empirically explored by using the Dynamics of Collective Action (DCA) protest event data and the American National Election Studies (ANES) survey data. The empirical results show that large and salient protest events increase voters’ political interest and then the likelihood of turnout for voting.

원문링크

Environmental Degradation and Public Opinion: The Case of Air Pollution in Vietnam (2020.06)

정부조달시장의 무역개방성과 선거제도 (2020.06)

초록 : 본 연구는 국가 경제의 중요한 부분이나 상대적으로 정치학 연구가 진행되지 않은 정부조달시장(Government Procurement Market)을 분석하였다. 최근 글로벌 경제위기 이후 정부지출이 급증하면서 재정건전성에 대한 압력이 증가하였고, 이러한 현실은 정부조달시장에서의 정부구매의 효율성 개선에 대한 압박으로도 작용하고 있다. 정부조달시장에서 소비자로서의 정부는 개인 및 기업과 같이 재정의 효율적 운용을 할 유인이 존재한다. 그러나 정부는 단순한 소비자가 아닌 정치적 행위자로서 정부 정책을 통해 정치적 이익을 추구하고 국내정치적 제약에 따라 움직일 수밖에 없는 존재이기도 하다. 효율적 지출을 해야 하는 소비자로서의 정부, 그러나 동시에 정치적 행위자로서 정부지출을 통해 정치적 이익을 얻고자 할 유인이 동시에 존재하는 것이다. 본 연구는 상반되는 유인이 존재하는 정부조달시장에서 정부의 선호에 영향을 미치는 제도적 변수로서 선거제도의 효과를 분석하였다. 정부는 정부조달시장을 개방함으로써 조달시장의 경쟁성과 투명성을 높여 정부지출의 건전성을 높일 수 있지만, 이는 정부조달시장을 통하여 특정 기업, 집단, 지역에 혜택을 부여하여 정치적 이익을 얻을 수 있는 능력이 축소되는 비용을 지불해야 하는 딜레마에 처해있다. 본 논문은 선거제도, 특히 선거구의 크기(District Magnitude)와 의석 배분 규칙(Allocation Rule)이 정부조달시장의 무역개방에 대한 정부의 선호에 미치는 제약을 분석하였고, 구체적으로 선거구의 크기(M)가 작은 국가일수록 정부조달시장의 해외개방성은 낮다는 점, 그리고 선거제도의 비례성이 낮을수록-단순다수제(plurality)-정부조달시장의 해외개방성이 낮다는 것을 제시하였다.

Reassessing the Relationship between Elections and Democratization (2020.06)

  • 저자 : Nam Kyu Kim
  • 학술지명 : International Political Science Review
  • 발행처 : Sage
  • 권호 : 41(3)
  • 게재년월 : 2020년 6월
  • 초록 : Do elections improve a country’s prospects for democratization? The theory of democratization by elections proposes that reiterated multiparty elections foster gradual institutional changes leading to progress toward democracy. Edgell et al. provide the most systematic evidence for this theory, but substantial disagreements remain among scholars studying the effects of authoritarian elections on democratization. In this study, I reassess the relationship between elections and democratization. In doing so, I account for the temporal structure of democratic qualities that are highly persistent. When I control for the dynamics of democratic qualities by adding a lag (or lags) of the dependent variable, the democratizing effects of repeated elections disappear; indeed, most evidence indicates a negative relationship between elections and democratization. This finding calls into question the causal role of elections in the process of democratization and demonstrates the importance of modeling the persistent nature of democracy in exploring the effect of a variable on democratization.

원문링크

Government Mass Killing and Post-Conflict Domestic Trials (2020.05)

  • 저자 : Nam Kyu Kim & Gary Uzonyi
  • 학술지명 : Studies in Conflict & Terrorism
  • 발행처 : Taylor & Francis
  • 권호 : 43(5)
  • 게재년월 : 2020년 5월
  • 초록 : Why do some countries implement trials to punish perpetrators of state-sponsored mass killing during civil war? A common explanation is that domestic and international demand for justice pressures the government to implement trials. However, this demand is unlikely to produce prosecutions because state-sponsored violence during fighting provides elites incentive to conceal information after war. The revelation of information concerning the government’s atrocities could result in renewed domestic instability or international sanction. Therefore, a government that has committed atrocities during the civil war, and emerges victorious from the conflict, should be unlikely to pursue trials in the aftermath of the war.

원문링크

Territorial Disputes and Individual Willingness to Fight (2020.05)

  • 저자 : Nam Kyu Kim
  • 학술지명 : Journal of Peace Research
  • 발행처 : Sage Publications
  • 권호 : 57(3)
  • 게재년월 : 2020년 5월
  • 초록 : Extant scholarship establishes that territorial issues are more likely than other types of issues to lead to militarized interstate disputes and war. One key premise is that a strong attachment to the material and symbolic values of the homeland makes people more willing to fight for their country in territorial disputes. However, there is no systematic evidence for this premise. Although recent studies investigate the effect of territorial conflict on individual attitudes and find that territorial issues are qualitatively different from other types of issues, researchers have not yet investigated how territorial threats influence people’s willingness to fight. By combining data on territorial claims from the Issue Correlates of War project with individual-level data from the World Values Survey, this article tests the relationship between territorial claims and individuals’ willingness to fight. My analysis reveals that respondents are more willing to fight for their country when their countries experience territorial claims. Building on the contentious issues approach, I further demonstrate the importance of issue salience and issue context in the relationship between territorial claims and willingness to fight. Last, I show that the relationship between territorial claims and willingness to fight depends on a country’s level of economic development or regime type.

원문링크

한국교육정책의 정치적 기반: 공교육 투자확대에 대한 세대효과 (2020.05)

초록 : 본 논문은 한국사회의 교육정책에 대한 한국인의 선호를 분석한다. 정부의 교육정책은 기회의 평등과 관련된 공정성의 문제일 뿐만 아니라, 한정된 정부 자원을 배분하는 데에 있어 교육 지출은 상황에 따라 누진적 또는 역진적인 재분배 효과를 갖는다는 점에서 정치적 결정의 문제이다. 본 논문은 교육정책에 대한 대중의 선호 분석을 통하여 교육정책의 정치적 균열구조 및 정치적 토대를 살펴보았고, 특히 교육정책에 대한 세대효과에 주목하여 현재 사회변화의 동력인 밀레니얼세대의 교육정책선호를 살펴보았다. 분석의 결과는 경제적 불평등보다는 실력주의(meritocracy)에 기반을 둔 절차적 공정성에 민감하다고 알려진 밀레니엘세대의 경우, 대학입시 및 취업 시 저소득층에 대한 할당제에 반대하고, 대학입시제도에서 사회적 약자에 대한 우대정책의 확대에 반대하는 것으로 나타났다. 무엇보다도 서구 선진국의 상황과는 다르게 한국의 밀레니얼세대의 경우, 공교육에 대한 투자확대에 부정적이며 공교육 투자확대를 하고자 하는 정당을 지지하지 않을 가능성이 높다는 것으로 나타났다. 공교육 예산의 확대는 경제불평등을 완화하는 중요한 정책임에도 불구하고 추후 한국사회의 주축이 될 밀레니얼 세대의 공교육에 대한 부정적인 인식으로 인하여 공교육 투자에 대한 정치적 기반은 지속적으로 축소될 것으로 예측된다.

When Top‐down Meets Bottom‐up: Local Adoption of Social Policy Reform in China (2020.04)

  • 저자 :  Xian Huang and Sung Eun Kim
  • 학술지명 : Governance
  • 발행처 : Wiley
  • 권호 : 33(2)
  • 게재년월 : 2020년 4월
  • DOI: 10.1111/gove.12433
  • 초록 : Authoritarian local leaders face two driving forces in social policymaking: top‐down pressure from the regime and bottom‐up motivations derived from local conditions. Existing studies recognize the importance of both forces, but remain unclear as to how they interact and which of them is more influential in driving local policy adoption. Focusing on two health insurance integration policies in China, we find that when the policy entails substantial class or distributive conflicts and bureaucratic friction, top‐down pressure for compliance is a dominant driver for local policy adoption; when the policy does not entail such conflicts or bureaucratic infighting, bottom‐up motivations based on local economic geography together with top‐down pressure drive local adoption. We find support for this argument from an analysis of an original city‐level data set in China from 2004 to 2016. This study has implications for social policy reform, decentralization, and government responsiveness in authoritarian countries with multilevel governance.

Employment Insecurity and Social Policy: Preferences for Investment vis-à-vis Consumption (2020.04)

  • 저자 : Seobin Han & Hyeok Yong Kwon
  • 학술지명 : Policy and Society
  • 발행처 : Taylor & Francis
  • 권호 : 39(2)
  • 게재년월 : 2020년 4월
  • 초록 : While existing studies on redistribution politics provide explanations of ‘who’ supports redistribution, we know very little about who supports ‘what’ type of redistribution. This omission is unfortunate because government spending has diverse functions and impacts, which are not differentiated in existing research. By capturing individual preferences for specific types of government policy under conditions of unemployment, we assess how economic insecurity influences calls for government action. Building on the analytic distinction between social consumption and social investment, this study examined the role of unemployment in social policy preferences. First, the experience of unemployment drives individual demand for social consumption but reduces support for social investment. Second, income levels have a heterogeneous effect on social policy preferences. In other words, a high income level is positively associated with support for social investment but negatively associated with support for social consumption. Third, the income effect is conditional on the experience of job loss, with the effect more pronounced in lower income groups than in higher income groups. An analysis of European Social Survey (ESS) Wave 8 (2016) data found empirical evidence supporting arguments about the impact of economic insecurity on individual preferences for a particular type of social expenditure.

원문링크