Author : Jae Hyeok Shin, Hojun Lee, and Suk Jae Hur Publication : Asian Survey Publisher : University of California Press Volume : 62(2) Date : March, 2022 Abstract : The literature on South Korean elections has shown that voters’ region, ideology, and generation shape their preferences at the polls. Few studies, however, have investigated the long-term effects of these variables or the difference in the effects of ideology and generation between regions. In this article, we generate theoretical expectations of Korean voters’ voting behavior, analyzing cleavage structures in the party system since democratization, and we then examine the interactive effects of region with ideology and generation across voters from Gyeongsang and Jeolla, in six presidential elections from 1992 to 2017. We find that ideology and generation have stronger effects among Gyeongsang voters than among Jeolla voters. To be specific, ideology and generation often divide Gyeongsang voters, especially when the⋯

Author : SHIN, Jae Hyeok Publication : Korean Political Science Review Publisher : The Korean Political Science Association Volume : 56(1) Date : March, 2022 Abstract: In this paper, we aim to explain why among less-developed countries after World War II developmental states emerged in South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore, while predatory states emerged in countries like the Philippines. We argue that developmental states emerge where national leaders have to compete with their rivals over policy, while predatory states emerge where the leaders have to focus on the delivery of pork and patronage. A comparative case study of Park Chung-hee (South Korea) and Ferdinand Marcos (the Philippines) supports the argument. This research suggests that the characteristics of political competition between the leader and rivals affect the emergence of developmental states, which sheds light on the persistent poverty in the developing world.   Original Text Link

Author : KIM, Hun Joon Publication : East and West Studies Publisher : Institute of East and West Studies Volume : 34(1) Date : March, 2022 Abstract: Transitional justice is measures adopted by the government after political transition to address the past human rights violations committed by the former regime. Scholars used norm life cycle to explain the emergence, diffusion, and internalization of international diffusion of transitional justice norms. However, they tend to miss the dynamic of state-to-state interaction in the region which is an important building bloc of international diffusion. In this article, I conduct research on the interactions between Korea and Taiwan with regard to transitional justice measures. First, I overview transitional justice practices in South Korea and put the Korean case in the international and regional context. Second, I closely follow the interactions between Korea and Taiwan from 1990s to today. Two findings are worth noting. First, Korea-Taiwan interactions in⋯

Author : Woo Chang Kang and Jeeyoung Lee Publication : Korean Party Studies Review Publisher : The Korean Association Of Party Studies Volume : 21(1) Date : March, 2022 Abstract: Underrepresentation of women in politics is a widely recognized problem in Korea, yet empirical studies on the effect of women’s descriptive representation on female political participation are nonexistent. This research analyzes the effect of the number of female candidates and electees during the 2nd~7th Korean local elections on female turnout, revealing that female turnout increased when more female candidates ran for office and more female candidates were elected in the previous election. According to an analysis based on age, the effect of increased female representation on female turnout is most profound amongst female voters in their late 20s to 40s but not as substantial for women in their early 20s or 50s and beyond. Based on results by elections, increased female turnout due⋯

Author : Joonmo Kang and Woo Chang Kang Publication : Korean Political Science Review Publisher : The Korean Political Science Association Volume : 56(1) Date : March, 2022 Abstract: How does the candidate’s sex affect voters’ choice? Previous studies in South Korea have shown that the candidate’s sex does not affect voters’ choice. However, the analysis of the observational data such as aggregated election outcomes or survey data is limited in examining the causal effect of a candidate’s sex on voters’ choice. The effect of candidate sex may be offset from each other when voters engage in the cosex voting, where male voters vote for male candidates and female voters vote for female candidates. The survey data analysis, on the other hand, suffers from the selection issue given that only a small number of qualified female candidates run for elections. In this sense, this study examines the causal effect of the candidate’s sex⋯

Author : Hyun-Jin Cha Publication : Oughtopia Publisher : Kyung Hee Institute for Human Society Volume : 36(3) Date : February, 2022 Abstract: This paper aims to analyze how protest participants’ characteristics in South Korea have changed since 2004. This research assesses a degree of political ideology and ideological distances from the incumbent government as main explanatory variables. To be specific, the paper proposes that the probability of participating in protests increases as a degree of political ideology becomes higher. Also, the farther ideological distances between an individual’s political ideology and the incumbent government’s ideological orientations are, the more likely the individual will participate in protests. Data from the 2004, 2009, 2014, and 2018 Korean General Social Survey (KGSS) substantiated that the degree of ideology affected likelihood to participate in protests more than the direction of the ideology would. Additionally, the empirical results demonstrated that the ideological distance between an individual and the incumbent government affected⋯

Author : Doo-Jin Kim Publication : Journal of Korean Politics Publisher : The Institute for Political Studies Volume : 31(1) Date : February, 2022 Abstract: This article examines the conceptual debate over cyber-sovereignty to real-world geopolitical domains over the governance of the internet. The cyber-sovereignty debate is linked to IR research on the historical emergence of sovereignty. Today, the concept of cyber sovereignty is being deployed in a number of political and economic areas, form authoritarian countries to liberal democracies. China has championed the idea of ‘cyber sovereignty’, while the U.S. and its allies have long curtailed the spread of cyber sovereignty. Growing state power over the internet and non-state actor’s commitment to cyberspace have led to assertion that cyberspace is, or should be, reverting to a Westphalian model. This study argues that attempts to apply sovereignty to cyberspace governance are inappropriate to the domain. How long the post-modern Cyber Westphalia transition will take is⋯

Author : Nam Kyu Kim Publication : Democratization Publisher : Routledge Volume : 29(2) Date : February, 2022 Abstract : How do foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows affect democratic survival? No study has examined how FDI influences the likelihood of democratic survival, although many studies have studied the effect of regime type on FDI inflows. The previous finding that FDI contributes to authoritarian survival and decreases prospects for democratization does not answer this question since determinants of democratic transitions are clearly distinct from those of democratic survival. I argue that FDI in non-primary sectors is more likely than FDI in primary sectors to contribute to democratic survival since non-primary FDI is likely to produce growth-enhancing effects through upstream and downstream linkages in the host economy and facilitate the diffusion of democratic ideas and norms originating from the West. To overcome the problem of the sectoral FDI data’s poor coverage, I exploit⋯

Author : Jiyoung Ko and Seung-Whan Choi Publication : Nations and Nationalism Publisher : Wiley Volume : 28(1) Date : January, 2022 Abstract: Does the rise of nationalism lead to immigration policy change? By focusing on elite-led nationalism, this study offers a novel perspective: When top political leaders rely on nationalism as their legitimation strategy, they are more disposed to adopt policies aimed at strict immigration control, such as the imposition of sanctions on illegal immigrants, due to their hands being tied. We perform a battery of empirical tests using a cross-national, time-series data for 33 countries for the years 1980–2010. We find evidence that nationalist countries are positively associated with heightened immigration control. This finding is robust even after possible reverse causality is taken into account. The overall analysis illustrates that nationalism is a significant factor in explaining why countries are pushing for more restrictive immigration control in the contemporary world.   원문링크

Author : Nam Kyu Kim and Alice J. Kang Publication : Political Science Research and Methods Publisher : Cambridge University Press Volume : 10(1) Date : January, 2022 Abstract: We argue that a country’s international security context influences individual bias against female leaders and propose three mechanisms: by increasing individual demand for defense, by shaping individual ideological orientations, and by increasing society’s level of militarization. Using survey data of more than 200,000 individuals in 84 countries, we show the more hostile the country’s security environment, the more individuals are likely to agree that men make better political leaders than do women. We also find support for some of our proposed mechanisms and that the effect of security environments is greater for men than women. Our study presents the first cross-national evidence that the country’s international security environment correlates with bias against women leaders.   원문링크