Author : Sung Eun Kim and Sujin Cha Publication : The Review of International Organizations Publisher : Springer Volume : 17(4) Date : October, 2022 Abstract : Do voters reward politicians for trade liberalization? We examine this question by analyzing voter responses in South Korea to the US-Korea Trade Agreement. Exploiting a change in party positions on the FTA over time, we examine the effects of different party positions on outcomes in the legislative and presidential elections. We find that voters who expect direct gains (losses) specifically from the treaty increase (decrease) support for the pro-trade party. However, voters in export-oriented industries do not reward politicians for a free trade agreement that does not directly affect their well-being. Our analysis of seven waves of individual-level panel survey data also demonstrates that a short-term change in a candidate’s position on the FTA influences voter decisions in the upcoming presidential election. The findings⋯

Author : Mi Hwa Hong and Nam Kyu Kim Publication : International Studies Quarterly Publisher : Oxford University Press Volume : 66(4) Date : October, 2022 Abstract : Existing studies show that democracies are no better than autocracies in terms of women’s legislative representation. This finding seems counterintuitive because democracies are more politically inclusive and foster greater respect for civil and political rights, compared to autocracies. We revisit the relationship between democracy and women’s legislative representation by considering the interaction between democracy and global norms of gender equality in politics. We argue that democracies are better able than autocracies to translate a global norm of gender-balanced political representation into actual domestic practices. Further, we contend that the effect of democracies also depends on the external normative pressure. Using a time-series cross-sectional dataset covering 147 countries from 1951 to 2013, our analysis shows that the more democratic a country is, the more responsive⋯

Author : Iordanka Alexandrova, Sunwoo Paek Publication : Korean Journal of International Relations Publisher : The Korean Association Of International Studies Volume : 62(3) Date : September 2022 Abstract : This article examines the changes in Russia’s nuclear strategy from the Cold War to present day. In the 1950s and mid-1960s, the only strategy available to the Soviet Union was asymmetric escalation relying on nuclear first use. From 1965 to the end of the Cold War, Moscow adopted assured retaliation strategy threatening nuclear reprisal to deter nuclear attacks. During the post-Cold War period from 1991 to 2010, it reverted to a strategy of asymmetric escalation. Since 2010, however, Russia’s strengthened conventional power has enabled it to begin a turn back to assured retaliation. These shifts in Moscow’s nuclear strategy have been determined by changes in the Soviet Union/Russia’s military capabilities and Soviet/Russian leadership’s strategic thinking about the usefulness of nuclear⋯

Author : Jiyoung Ko Publication : International Studies Quarterly Publisher : Oxford University Press Volume : 66(3) Date : September 2022 Abstract : In the field of international relations, it has long been believed that nationalism generates adverse foreign policy preferences. This article revisits this long-standing assumption by investigating how stimulating nationalistic sentiments shapes mass foreign policy preferences in two contexts, namely when celebrating national achievements and greatness with a focus on the national Self and when invoking negative historical memories in relation to a salient Other. Using a survey experiment conducted in China, which capitalized on visual stimuli drawn from real-world sources to stoke respondents’ nationalistic sentiments, this article shows that not all rises of nationalism are the same. Adverse foreign policy preferences, such as a preference for a hawkish approach, an uncompromising attitude, and a dislike for the status quo, emerge when nationalistic sentiments are stoked by invoking⋯

Author : Woo Chang Kang, Do Won Kim, Joonmo Kang Publication : Korean Political Science Review Publisher : The Korean Political Science Association Volume : 56(4) Date : September 2022 Abstract: How do candidates’ appearance affect election outcomes? Under bounded rationality, voters use a variety of heuristics in their political decision-making. Previous studies have found mixed evidence on whether candidates’ appearances, particularly their smiles, serve as heuristics and influence election outcomes. In this regard, this study investigates the effect of smiles on vote shares using election posters of candidates running in South Korean local elections. The candidate’s smile, as measured by Microsoft Azure, increased the vote share by 1.5 to 2.6%p. The size and statistical significance of the smile effect varied depending on the electoral competitiveness and number of candidates. Overall, this study shows that candidates’ smiles help them win votes in specific electoral contexts. Link

Author : Shin-wha Lee and Jae Jeok Park Publication : The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Publisher : Korea Institute for Defense Analyses Volume : 34(3) Date : September, 2022 Abstract : Though the United States and China emphasize the significance of multilateral frameworks, they have not departed from power politics. As the confrontation between U.S.-led and Chinese-style multilateralism intensifies, the practice of multilateral cooperation based on openness and responsibility is losing ground. In this context, this paper compares U.S.-led multilateralism and Chinese-style multilateralism to examine U.S.–China rivalry in multilateral mechanisms. It then zooms in on the rivalry in the context of the Indo–Pacific region. U.S. President Biden’s key strategy in his China policy is represented by the catchphrase “cooperate, compete, confront,” dubbed the “3C framework,” reflecting the complexities of U.S.–China relations. While the two states tend to show a mix of competition and cooperation relative to global multilateral mechanisms, they exhibit⋯

Author : Boram Lee and Yong Wook Lee Publication : New Political Economy Publisher : Routledge Volume : 27(5) Date : September, 2022 Abstract : From the creation of the eurozone to the African Financial Markets Initiative, the world has seen the emergence of regional financial institutions in recent decades. East Asia is no exception. ASEAN plus Three (China, Japan, and Korea) has institutionalised the Asian Bond Marked Initiative (ABMI) since 2003. What explains the development of the ABMI? We argue that East Asian states established it as an institutional mechanism for regional financial autonomy constrained by their dependence on Western financial market. In making this argument, we propose an experience-communication analytical framework to systematically investigate the formation of collective economic interests. We show that the analytical framework captures the timing and the content of the institutional evolution of the ABMI with greater precision. To demonstrate our claim, we attempt⋯

Author : KWON, HYEOK YONG, Daeyoung Kim, and Chanhyuk Park Publication : Korean Political Science Review Publisher : The Korean Political Science Association Volume : 56(4) Date : September, 2022 Abstract: Why do Koreans not support redistribution policy? This paper focuses on the inconsistency between objective and subjective perceptions on income groups. We argue that imperfect information on individuals position in income distribution leads to redistribution policy preferences that are not congruent with their economic interest. Our analysis of an original survey experiment finds that nearly half of the respondents misperceived their position in the income distribution. The treatment group that was provided correct information on their income position showed redistribution preferences congruent with their economic interest. This finding is consistent with theories of income-maximizing behavior and suggests that class-based redistribution preferences can be formed when citizens are provided with correct information about their income position and the mechanics of tax and spending policies. Original Text⋯

Author : Ewan A. Smith and Shin-wha Lee Publication : The Korean Journal of International Studies Publisher : The Korean Association of International Studies Volume : 20(2) Date : August, 2022 Abstract : The Cold War theory of mutually assured destruction (MAD), which described the reciprocal damage resulting from the use of nuclear weapons, can be expanded in the 21st century to include more dimensions including climate and the economy. The economic dimension of MAD (dubbed as EMAD) is a situation where one country is incapable of disrupting trade with a target country without also causing itself significant economic d[amage. This can occur given the presence of a specific economic advantage on which the coercing power relies. How can the presence of EMAD help afford middle powers more leeway in their alignment decisions within this strategic dilemma? What economic advantages create a stronger situation of EMAD? In line with these inquiries,⋯

Author : Erik Gartzke, Benjamin E Goldsmith, Koji Kagotani, Soo Yeon Kim, Jeehye Kim, Jiyoung Ko Publication : Political Science & Politics Publisher : Cambridge University Press Volume : 55(3) Date : July 2022 Abstract : A key enemy of understanding is isolation. Distance makes it more difficult to craft scholarly insights, to obtain feedback, and to share ideas with other scholars. Because of this, tight-knit communities have long demonstrated advantages in research and learning. In the current globalized world, distance remains a problem for scholars of the Asia–Pacific region. In contrast to Europe and the Americas—regions characterized by continents—the Pacific is an ocean with a diverse set of nations, most of which exist separated from one another, on the rim. This physical geography complicates attempts to study and to communicate insights about regional affairs. Arguably, our understanding of the region is hampered by one of its most important attributes:⋯