• Author : Taekyoon Kim and Shin-wha Lee
• Publication : Asian Journal of Peacebuilding
• Publisher : Institute for Peace and Unification Studies Seoul National University
• Volume : 10(1)
• Date : May, 2022

Abstract : This special issue discusses, in-depth, the embedded conundrum of South-South and triangular cooperation (SSTC) whose frontiers are shifted from collaboration to contention within the United Nations (UN) development system and beyond. This introductory article provides the conceptual framework—the contentioncollaboration spectrum—that guides all the contributors and serves as the collective starting point for this project. The moving frontiers of SSTC reflect the shifting historic relationships between the global South and North as well as Southern partner countries. The framework enables the six articles of this special issue to investigate the paradoxical structure of contrasting dynamics of SSTC, which has always been exposed to historical transformations at multi-levels of analysis: global governance, regional engagements, middle power perspectives, and the UN development system and beyond.

• Author : Taegyun Lim and Sung Eun Kim
• Publication : International Relations of the Asia-Pacific
• Publisher : Oxford Academic
• Volume : Online first
• Date : May, 2022

Abstract : China has expanded its economic footprint in Southeast Asian countries by providing a growing amount of development finance to the region. We examine the allocation of Chinese foreign aid toward Southeast Asian countries exploiting the exogenous variation of rotating leadership within Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN). As the ASEAN Chair possesses the agenda-setting power and represents the organization, China strategically allocates more development aid to the ASEAN Chair to augment its influence in the region. Our analysis of Chinese aid allocation between 2000 and 2017 finds that taking the leadership position at ASEAN appears to be significantly associated with an increase of official development aid flows from China, while other commercial flows are only weakly associated with the leadership position. Our findings underscore the importance of considering the regional context in examining foreign aid allocation and show that a donor can target a regional organization to exert its political influence in the region.

• Author : Hyun-Jin Cha
• Publication : The Journal of Asiatic Studies
• Publisher : The Korean Criminal Law Association
• Volume : 65(1)
• Date : March, 2022

Abstract: This paper aims to identify the characteristic of candlelight protest participants in 2016-17. This research argues that voter’s voting frequency and patterns of voting choices affect the probability of participating in the 2016-17 candlelight protests. First, the probability of participating in the candlelight protests increases as an individual’s voting frequency becomes higher. This is because protesting and voting are in a complementary relationship and the goals of the candlelight protests deal with the important political issue. Second, a voter type which is classified by an individual’s voting consistency and a supporting party’s political ideology affects the likelihood to participate in the candlelight protest. A voter’s supporting party affects whether or not the voter is motivated to participate in a candlelight protest, and the consistency of voting choices affects how intensive the voter’s motivation for the protest participation will be. Thus, core liberal voters are most likely to participate in the candlelight protest while core conservative voters are the least likely to protest. Swing voters are found in the middle, more likely to participate than core conservative voters would, and less likely to participate than core liberals would. The empirical results confirmed the patterns of voters’ voting choices affect candlelight protest participation in 2016-17. This research tries to connect electoral studies with contentious politics by suggesting voting choices in consecutive elections as the characteristics of the candlelight protestors. In addition, the results show that the candlelight protest participants still reflect the characteristics of partisanship.

• Author : Jae Hyeok Shin, Hojun Lee, and Suk Jae Hur
• Publication : Asian Survey
• Publisher : University of California Press
• Volume : 62(2)
• Date : March, 2022

Abstract : The literature on South Korean elections has shown that voters’ region, ideology, and generation shape their preferences at the polls. Few studies, however, have investigated the long-term effects of these variables or the difference in the effects of ideology and generation between regions. In this article, we generate theoretical expectations of Korean voters’ voting behavior, analyzing cleavage structures in the party system since democratization, and we then examine the interactive effects of region with ideology and generation across voters from Gyeongsang and Jeolla, in six presidential elections from 1992 to 2017. We find that ideology and generation have stronger effects among Gyeongsang voters than among Jeolla voters. To be specific, ideology and generation often divide Gyeongsang voters, especially when the Democratic Party nominates a presidential candidate from Gyeongsang; Jeolla voters are more homogeneous in their support for the party, regardless of their ideology and generation.

• Author : SHIN, Jae Hyeok
• Publication : Korean Political Science Review
• Publisher : The Korean Political Science Association
• Volume : 56(1)
• Date : March, 2022

Abstract: In this paper, we aim to explain why among less-developed countries after World War II developmental states emerged in South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore, while predatory states emerged in countries like the Philippines. We argue that developmental states emerge where national leaders have to compete with their rivals over policy, while predatory states emerge where the leaders have to focus on the delivery of pork and patronage. A comparative case study of Park Chung-hee (South Korea) and Ferdinand Marcos (the Philippines) supports the argument. This research suggests that the characteristics of political competition between the leader and rivals affect the emergence of developmental states, which sheds light on the persistent poverty in the developing world.

• Author : KIM, Hun Joon
• Publication : East and West Studies
• Publisher : Institute of East and West Studies
• Volume : 34(1)
• Date : March, 2022

Abstract: Transitional justice is measures adopted by the government after political transition to address the past human rights violations committed by the former regime. Scholars used norm life cycle to explain the emergence, diffusion, and internalization of international diffusion of transitional justice norms. However, they tend to miss the dynamic of state-to-state interaction in the region which is an important building bloc of international diffusion. In this article, I conduct research on the interactions between Korea and Taiwan with regard to transitional justice measures. First, I overview transitional justice practices in South Korea and put the Korean case in the international and regional context. Second, I closely follow the interactions between Korea and Taiwan from 1990s to today. Two findings are worth noting. First, Korea-Taiwan interactions in transitional justice were not unidirectional but bidirectional relations over a long period of time. Second, horizontal diffusion, not vertical diffusion, is more likely when human rights violations are diverse and multifaceted as in case of Taiwan and Korea.

• Author : Woo Chang Kang and Jeeyoung Lee
• Publication : Korean Party Studies Review
• Publisher : The Korean Association Of Party Studies
• Volume : 21(1)
• Date : March, 2022

Abstract: Underrepresentation of women in politics is a widely recognized problem in Korea, yet empirical studies on the effect of women’s descriptive representation on female political participation are nonexistent. This research analyzes the effect of the number of female candidates and electees during the 2nd~7th Korean local elections on female turnout, revealing that female turnout increased when more female candidates ran for office and more female candidates were elected in the previous election. According to an analysis based on age, the effect of increased female representation on female turnout is most profound amongst female voters in their late 20s to 40s but not as substantial for women in their early 20s or 50s and beyond. Based on results by elections, increased female turnout due to greater representation initially appeared in the 5th election, when mandatory gender quota laws were implemented. Moreover, the effect of the number of elected females on female turnout is larger than that of the number of female candidates. These results show that an increase in female candidates and electees can lead to an increase in women’s political participation.

• Author : Joonmo Kang and Woo Chang Kang
• Publication : Korean Political Science Review
• Publisher : The Korean Political Science Association
• Volume : 56(1)
• Date : March, 2022

Abstract: How does the candidate’s sex affect voters’ choice? Previous studies in South Korea have shown that the candidate’s sex does not affect voters’ choice. However, the analysis of the observational data such as aggregated election outcomes or survey data is limited in examining the causal effect of a candidate’s sex on voters’ choice. The effect of candidate sex may be offset from each other when voters engage in the cosex voting, where male voters vote for male candidates and female voters vote for female candidates. The survey data analysis, on the other hand, suffers from the selection issue given that only a small number of qualified female candidates run for elections. In this sense, this study examines the causal effect of the candidate’s sex on voters’ choices through a conjoint experiment. The results suggest that cosex voting occurs among college students, which continued even after reflecting on the effects of political parties.